Media Industries and Audiences

Media Industries and Audiences

	Total readership	Print sales	PC readership	Mobile readership
The sun	31,859	10,123 (31%)	2780 (9%)	18,956 (60%)
The Daily Mirror	27,910	5,731 (21%)	4,948 (18%)	17,231 (61%)
The Telegraph	26,348	3,848 (15%)	7,340 (28%)	15,160 (57%)

Print news: Historically newspaper production was expensive.

• The production of the News was in the hands of newspaper journalists editors and printers
• Distribution of the news occurred when newspapers sent their newspapers to Newsagents via organisations who had some control over which publications were published, but had no control over the content
• Newsagents and retailers sold the newspapers to the public (circulation)
• Producers control news content – this is an important issue as journalists and news editors are expected to adhere to professional standards.

On-line 

• Distribution and circulation are combined via websites or social media
• News shelf life’s with the onset of Online is now short. With news exclusives being used (in Print media) to sell the news. They are now less valuable as the news cycle has shortened with Online News, where an exclusive can be picked up by the competition and recycled instantly.
• News Organisations now rely on formats such as gossip, lifestyle journalism and sports journalism to minimise risk.

Curran and Seaton’s theory relates to PROFIT and Power.

• With the concentration of newspaper’s in fewer hands (oligarchies) enables Newspapers to increase profits through increased readership
• With the narrowing of choice to few Newspaper groups, the owners of the Press groups the Press Barons (see below) or Elites have the opportunity to represent their political perspectives.
• This applies to the narrow range of political opinions expressed by British Newspapers with a bias to Pro capitalism
• The reason why Press barons own Newspapers is to achieve status and to wield political power.

Who are the Press Barons?
Almost 78 per cent of our press is owned by a handful of mostly foreign-based billionaires.

• Over a quarter (27.3 per cent) of the press is owned by Lord Rothermere (Daily Mail) and 24.9 per cent by Rupert Murdoch (News International, The Sun, The Times) – between them, these two men have over 50 per cent of the printed press.

Print Media

• Historically Print media had a strong editorial heritage with professional standards leading to serious journalism. 
• This was funded through the cost of the newspaper. 

On-line media

• With the decline in Newspaper sales, there has been a decline in the quality of journalism where serious journalism such as international news and investigative reporting have been reduced for cost reasons 
• Advertising revenue from print journalism has moved to Online media such as Google and Facebook 
• There has been a rise in cheaper journalism in the form of opinion, celebrity reporting, lifestyle journalism and sport

Ways the newspaper companies get money

• Advertising
• Personal Ads
• Sponsors
• Sell at a low price, but get volume

Broadsheet newspapers	The Guardian, Telegraph and Times newspapers have markedly upmarket audiences and more London based readers
Redtop tabloids	Te Sun and the Mirror have markedly down-market audiences and the fewest London Based readers
Daily Mail	Daily Mail has the most female and the oldest audience of all newspapers and the most evenly spread readership in terms of social class.
Daily Telegraph	Has the oldest audience of the broadsheets.

Funding Structures

Physical papers range in cost from £0.40 to £2.70. The main reason for some of the newspapers selling at a low price is that the customers are more likely to buy them, then they are selling a large volume of newspapers in one go. However, online papers have a paywall, meaning that the customers have to pay to subscribe to read more, and by subscribing, the customers have to pay. Other ways that the newspapers get their money is through advertisements (so that they are getting their name out there) and sponsors (so that they are getting paid to post adverts about other products).

The Mail Stats

Age - 45% 65+ years

Gender - 52.5% Female

The Telegraph Stats

Age - 46% 65+ years

The Daily Mail looks like it is based for people who are family based and like the royalty. Just by looking at the image, there is a large picture of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. This was published approximately 2 months after the marriage of the two. The main demographic of readers is 65+, meaning that the daily mail would try to target their layout to suit the age, this being through the use of the thing that they are talking about; the royal family or the part where they are talking about families spending more than they earn for the first time since 1988, which they would have been around to witness. The gender demographic (female) is reached through the use of the talking about weddings and the baby picture in the top left corner. 

The Online Daily Mail focuses on the marriage and the pregnancy which is happening between Princ Harry and his wife Meghan. It also focuses on beauty, health and fashion; reflecting the target audience of females. The celebrity gossip in which is present on the website suggests that perhaps the online version of the daily mail is targeted to younger audiences

The Telegraph targets their age demographic of 65+ through the use of politics with a big picture of Jeremy Corbyn

Preferred - People will get scared into thinking that 1.5 million Turkish people are going to be coming to Britain 

Oppositional - 1.5 million Turkish immigrants are not coming to Britain

Negotiated - Immigrant is coming to Britain, but there probably won't be 1.5 million of them